ADHD Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, often referred to ADHD, is a neurodevelopmental (i.e. – brain-based) condition that makes it harder to focus, manage impulses and sustain energy levels. It’s very common and often develops in childhood, though diagnosis age varies. As a Warfighter, you may be aware of how an ADHD diagnosis effects your ability to perform your duties. There are eligibility limitations if you join the military with ADHD and medical standards if you are diagnosed during military service. Recognizing ADHD symptoms is essential to understanding how they impact your work. Development, Diagnosis & Symptoms There is no known cause of ADHD, though it’s believed a variety of factors influence its development, such as genetics and environment. Additionally, there is no specific test to diagnose the condition. Diagnosis typically involves a physical exam, evaluating your medical and family history, as well as symptom checklists and questionnaires. Your care team will also work to rule out other possible conditions during examination. There are three types of ADHD: Inattentive, Hyperactive-Impulsive and Combined ADHD. Inattention Symptoms Hyperactive-Impulsive Symptoms Making small mistakes and missing details Moving frequently while seated or lying down Difficulty focusing and following conversations Feeling restless, pacing or constantly moving and needing to be ‘on the go’ Trouble following instructions, finishing tasks and/or getting sidetracked easily Trouble doing quiet activities or being quiet during quiet times Hard time staying organized and trouble with time management Talk more than normal, especially rapidly Avoiding tasks that take a lot of mental effort Respond to others before they’re finished speaking or interrupting Losing or misplacing items and forgetting planned or ‘routine’ activities Difficulty waiting your turn People with Combined ADHD experience both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. Impact on Military Life As a Warfighter, it’s essential you are able to carry out your duties. Though ADHD may make this more challenging, it is not impossible. If you live with ADHD, knowing your symptoms, having a plan in place with your care team and attending routine check-ups is key. There are many job duties that may make symptoms more difficult to manage, such as staying focused or sitting still. Talk to your command leadership about how you can best support the mission while living with ADHD. With the right support, you can thrive in your military career while living with ADHD. Medical Standards If you live with ADHD in the military, you typically need to be off of medication for at least 12-24 months. This is because ADHD medications are stimulants and can lead to failed urinalysis screenings, as well as needing to demonstrate being able to perform your duties well. All cases are different, but medical waivers are offered, and medication may be prescribed. Additional professional support includes behavioral therapy. It is essential you work with your care team to decide the best course of treatment for you while on active duty. Non-Medication Techniques You and your care team may explore non-medication techniques. Though they may help with symptom management, they do not substitute medication. It’s recommended to engage in these techniques even if you use ADHD medication. Structured daily routines Moderate to intense physical exercise Work ‘agreements’ like the 10 and 3 rule (e.g., 10 minutes work and 3 minutes break) Mindfulness practices (e.g., deep breathing) Organizational tools (e.g., color-coding, reminders, timers) Balanced eating plan and getting enough sleep Living with ADHD comes with challenges in the military, but it also comes with benefits. If you have ADHD, you may be more creative, see different solutions and provide valuable insight to tasks at hand because of the way your brain works. As a Warfighter, you can stay mission ready with ADHD by working closely with your care team and command leadership. Focus on stress management, balance training and job requirements and seek out duty accommodations where they’re available. You got this! Additional ResourcesCHADD ReferencesAttention Deficit Disorder Association - “Medication & Treatment”MedlinePlus - “Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder”Sibley, M. H. et al. - “Non-pharmacological interventions for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents”
